A turnaround is an area designed for extra parking or for backing up before driving forward out of a driveway. It’s a useful feature if you want to avoid backing down the driveway or onto a busy street.

Hot Mix Asphalt Base Course (HMAB Course). Dense-graded HMA primarily used for binder courses and HMA base courses. The nominal maximum aggregate size is 1 inch and compacted lift thicknesses should be between 2.5 and 6 inches. This is the HDOT designation for what this Guide calls ACB. Asphalt binder content ranges from 3.8 to 5.7 percent by Binder and Mix: (1.7MB) Establishing HMA Mixing and Compaction Temperatures at the Project Level (92KB) Determination of Laboratory Mixing and Compaction Temperatures for HMA (105KB) Summary of TRB A2D05 April 7-9, 2003; Historical: (326KB) Observations of Field Experience with Superpave Projects Constructed in 1996; Performance: A. BINDER COURSE a. Machine apply and compact HMA binder course to a compacted thickness of no less than two inches (2”) over prepared and primed surface. b. HMA shall be free of marks, segregation and be placed to required uniform elevation with a smooth texture not showing tearing, shoving, or gouging. For a full depth asphalt pavement, layers of HMA are placed over a prepared subgrade and base according to a pavement design. There are three different mix layer design types, depending on their position and function in the pavement structure. The lowest layer is the base course followed by the binder course and a final surface or wearing course. The optimum binder content of the HMA is highly dependent on aggregate characteristics such as gradation and absorptiveness. Aggregate gradation is directly related to optimum binder content. The finer the HMA gradation, the larger the total surface area of the aggregate, and the greater the amount of binder required to uniformly coat the Two issues must be considered. the type of binder (asphalt cement or liquid asphalt), and the pavement temperature after finishing compaction process. if the binder is asphalt cement, then as the course and intermediate course for all types of roadways. Primary surface for interstates, limited access, and other higher volume roadways. Can also be used for some wedge course applications. HMA S1 – Used as the primary base/binder course mix. May not be suitable as a riding

HMA Yield Checks Binder Course YIELD = DELIVERED THEORETICAL X 100 = % For HMA Binder, verify unit weight via District Materials Office, Plans or Special Provisions

A bonded wearing course (BWC) is a gap graded, ultra thin hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture applied over a thick polymer modified asphalt emulsion membrane. The high binder content seals the underlying road thereby protecting it from water infiltration and slows down the aging process. Leveling Binder is no longer being used. The pay item is HMA Binder Course (Hand Method), N70. The mix will be per Standard Specifications for "HMA Binder and Surface Course" • Temporary Ramp mix is per the Standard Specifications for "HMA Binder and Surface Course" (see "Butt Joints"). It requires Resident Engineer approval.

HMA Yield Checks Binder Course YIELD = DELIVERED THEORETICAL X 100 = % For HMA Binder, verify unit weight via District Materials Office, Plans or Special Provisions

For a full depth asphalt pavement, layers of HMA are placed over a prepared subgrade and base according to a pavement design. There are three different mix layer design types, depending on their position and function in the pavement structure. The lowest layer is the base course followed by the binder course and a final surface or wearing course. The optimum binder content of the HMA is highly dependent on aggregate characteristics such as gradation and absorptiveness. Aggregate gradation is directly related to optimum binder content. The finer the HMA gradation, the larger the total surface area of the aggregate, and the greater the amount of binder required to uniformly coat the Two issues must be considered. the type of binder (asphalt cement or liquid asphalt), and the pavement temperature after finishing compaction process. if the binder is asphalt cement, then as the course and intermediate course for all types of roadways. Primary surface for interstates, limited access, and other higher volume roadways. Can also be used for some wedge course applications. HMA S1 – Used as the primary base/binder course mix. May not be suitable as a riding 5.16 Asphalt Rubber Gap-Graded Wearing Course New . 5.17 Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Binder Dense-Graded Courses New . CHAPTER 6 PAVEMENT DESIGN PROCEDURES Chapter 6 . 6.1 Pavement ME policy . 6.2.E Geotextile • Type A on all subgrades CHAPTER 8 RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN . 8.11 Rounding pavement thickness in design. Chapter 8 402.098202 9.5 F2 Top Course HMA, 80 Series Compaction Ton 402.098212 Plant Production Quality Adjustment to 402.098202 Quality Unit 402.198902 19 F9 Binder Course HMA, 80 Series Compaction Ton 402.198912 Plant Production Quality Adjustment to 402.198902 Quality Unit 402.378902 37.5 F9 Base Course HMA, 80 Series Compaction Ton